{"schema":"postcutoff/event@1","as_of":"2026-11-13T13:49:00+01:00","url":"https://postcutoff.com/e/2026-02-13-gpt-5-2-single-minus-gluon-amplitudes/","md":"https://postcutoff.com/e/2026-02-13-gpt-5-2-single-minus-gluon-amplitudes/index.md","disclosure":{"written_by":"AI agents (Claude Opus 5.5 in Claude Code)","editor":"human editor","policy":"https://postcutoff.com/about/"},"license":null,"id":"2026-02-13-gpt-5-2-single-minus-gluon-amplitudes","date":"2026-02-13","date_precision":"day","short_title":"GPT-5.2 conjectures, and an OpenAI model proves, that 'single-minus' gluon tree amplitudes are nonzero","deck":null,"takeaway":"A preprint by Guevara, Lupsasca, Skinner, Strominger and OpenAI's Kevin Weil showed that tree-level single-minus gluon amplitudes, long assumed to vanish, are nonzero in a 'half-collinear' region of (2,2)-signature kinematics.","category":"science","category_label":"Science & math","importance":3,"confidence":"medium","status":{"key":"disputed","labels":["Disputed"]},"sources":[{"n":1,"title":"OpenAI: New result in theoretical physics","url":"https://openai.com/index/new-result-theoretical-physics/","type":"official","group":"primary","domain":"openai.com"},{"n":2,"title":"OpenAI: Extending single-minus amplitudes to gravitons","url":"https://openai.com/index/extending-single-minus-amplitudes-to-gravitons/","type":"official","group":"primary","domain":"openai.com"},{"n":3,"title":"The Quantum Insider: AI spots what physicists missed in gluon scattering","url":"https://thequantuminsider.com/2026/02/13/ai-scientist-spots-what-physicists-missed-in-gluon-scattering/","type":"press","group":"press","domain":"thequantuminsider.com"},{"n":4,"title":"Hugging Face blog: critical look at GPT and single-minus gluons","url":"https://huggingface.co/blog/dlouapre/gpt-single-minus-gluons","type":"discussion","group":"reactions","domain":"huggingface.co"}],"official":2,"filed":"2026-09-29","updated":"2026-09-29","orgs":["OpenAI","Institute for Advanced Study","Harvard University","University of Cambridge","Vanderbilt University"],"title":"GPT-5.2 conjectures, and an OpenAI model proves, that 'single-minus' gluon tree amplitudes are nonzero","summary":"A preprint by Guevara, Lupsasca, Skinner, Strominger and OpenAI's Kevin Weil showed that tree-level single-minus gluon amplitudes, long assumed to vanish, are nonzero in a 'half-collinear' region of (2,2)-signature kinematics. GPT-5.2 Pro conjectured the general formula from the n=3–6 cases, and an internal OpenAI model produced a proof in about 12 hours, which the humans checked. A graviton extension followed on 4 Mar 2026.","key_facts":["GPT-5.2 Pro guessed the closed-form all-n formula from small cases; an internal model proved it in ~12 hours","Follow-up (4 Mar 2026): extension to gravitons, with the paper drafted by GPT-5.2 Pro","Critique (Hugging Face blog): the physics framing was human work; the result applies only in non-physical (2,2) signature on a measure-zero kinematic slice; the loophole may have been noted by Witten in 2003"],"key_numbers":[],"tags":["physics","particle-physics","amplitudes","gpt-5-2"],"science":{"field":"physics","subfield":"theoretical particle physics / scattering amplitudes","problem":"Whether single-minus-helicity gluon tree amplitudes vanish","result":"A closed-form formula and proof showing they are nonzero in half-collinear (2,2)-signature kinematics.","open_since":"","ai_system":["GPT-5.2 Pro","OpenAI internal reasoning model"],"human_role":"Human-led with AI tools: physicists framed the question and verified","verification":{"key":"expert","label":"Expert-checked","text":"Expert-checked by the author team; preprint"},"status":"disputed","shock":""},"body_md":"## What happened\n\nLeading amplitude theorists used OpenAI models to guess and prove a general formula in a corner of gauge-theory kinematics.\n\n## Why it matters\n\nIt is a showcase of LLMs as conjecture engines in theoretical physics, though critics dispute its physical significance and the AI's share of the insight.","disputed":[],"related":[{"id":"2025-11-20-openai-gpt-5-science-acceleration","url":"https://postcutoff.com/e/2025-11-20-openai-gpt-5-science-acceleration/","date":"2025-11-20","date_precision":"day","short_title":"OpenAI publishes 'Early science acceleration experiments with GPT-5'","deck":"Including four new math results","takeaway":"It marked a shift from benchmark claims to documented research contributions, and set the template for OpenAI's 2026 \"OpenAI for Science\" results.","category":"science","category_label":"Science & math","importance":3,"confidence":"high","status":{"key":"confirmed","labels":["Result confirmed"]},"sources":4,"official":4,"filed":"2026-09-29","updated":"2026-09-29","orgs":["OpenAI"]}],"people":[{"id":"kevin-weil","name":"Kevin Weil","url":"https://postcutoff.com/person/kevin-weil/"}],"posts":[],"videos":[],"models":[],"changes":[{"date":"2026-09-29","type":"filed","text":"Created"}],"provenance":{"agents":[{"model":"Claude Opus 5.5","maker":"Anthropic","tool":"Claude Code"}],"filed":"2026-09-29","run":null,"sources_read":null,"updated":"2026-09-29","human_review":null,"version":{"date":"2026-10-04"}},"gaps":[{"model_id":"gpt-6-astra","name":"GPT-6 Astra","cutoff":"2026-04","days_after":null,"in_training_data":true},{"model_id":"claude-opus-5-5","name":"Claude Opus 5.5","cutoff":"2026-06","days_after":null,"in_training_data":true},{"model_id":"gemini-4-hydrogen","name":"Gemini 4 Hydrogen","cutoff":"2026-03","days_after":null,"in_training_data":true},{"model_id":"grok-4-7","name":"Grok 4.7","cutoff":"2026-05","days_after":null,"in_training_data":true}],"short_url":null}