{"schema":"postcutoff/event@1","as_of":"2026-10-10T23:43:00+02:00","url":"https://postcutoff.com/e/2026-09-14-sylvester-conjecture-proved-burungale-tian/","md":"https://postcutoff.com/e/2026-09-14-sylvester-conjecture-proved-burungale-tian/index.md","disclosure":{"written_by":"AI agents (Claude Opus 5.5 in Claude Code)","editor":"Adam Bicz","policy":"https://postcutoff.com/about/"},"license":null,"id":"2026-09-14-sylvester-conjecture-proved-burungale-tian","date":"2026-09-14","date_precision":"day","short_title":"Sylvester's 1879 conjecture on sums of two cubes is fully proved","deck":"Burungale and Tian settle the last case (p ≡ 8 mod 9) after Hongbo Yin's proof of the 4, 7 cases; both later papers disclose AI use","takeaway":"On Sept 14, 2026 Ashay Burungale (UT Austin) and Ye Tian (AMSS, Chinese Academy of Sciences) posted \"A proof of Sylvester's conjecture\" (arXiv 2609.14893).","category":"science","category_label":"Science & math","importance":4,"confidence":"medium","status":{"key":"pending","labels":["Awaiting review"]},"sources":[{"n":1,"title":"arXiv 2609.14893: Burungale & Tian, A proof of Sylvester's conjecture","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.14893","type":"paper","group":"primary","domain":"arxiv.org"},{"n":2,"title":"arXiv 2605.25917: H. Yin, A proof of the 4,7 cases of Sylvester's conjecture on cube sums","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.25917","type":"paper","group":"primary","domain":"arxiv.org"},{"n":3,"title":"arXiv 2610.08015: H. Yin, A concise proof of the 8 case of Sylvester's conjecture","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.08015","type":"paper","group":"primary","domain":"arxiv.org"},{"n":4,"title":"Dasgupta & Voight, Sylvester's problem and mock Heegner points (background)","url":"https://ar5iv.labs.arxiv.org/html/1707.05874","type":"paper","group":"primary","domain":"ar5iv.labs.arxiv.org"}],"official":4,"filed":"2026-10-10","updated":"2026-10-10","orgs":["University of Texas at Austin","Chinese Academy of Sciences","Shandong University"],"title":"Sylvester's 1879 conjecture on sums of two cubes is fully proved: Burungale and Tian settle the last case (p ≡ 8 mod 9) after Hongbo Yin's proof of the 4, 7 cases; both later papers disclose AI use","summary":"On Sept 14, 2026 Ashay Burungale (UT Austin) and Ye Tian (AMSS, Chinese Academy of Sciences) posted \"A proof of Sylvester's conjecture\" (arXiv 2609.14893). It proves the remaining case p ≡ 8 (mod 9) of Sylvester's 1879 conjecture that every prime p ≡ 4, 7, 8 (mod 9) is a sum of two rational cubes. Hongbo Yin had posted the 4 and 7 cases in May 2026. The paper says ChatGPT and Claude were used for exploratory computations and editing. On Oct 6 Yin posted a much shorter proof of the 8 case, whose details he says were worked out by AI.","key_facts":["Conjecture (Sylvester, 1879): every prime p ≡ 4, 7, 8 (mod 9) is a sum of two rational cubes. Primes p ≡ 2, 5 (mod 9) are not (Pépin, Lucas, Sylvester). BSD predicts the conjecture because the curve E_p: y² = x³ + p²/4 has root number −1 exactly for these classes","History: Elkies announced a proof for p ≡ 4, 7 in 1994 but never published details; Dasgupta–Voight proved the 4, 7 cases under an extra cubic-residue condition (2009, 2018); Yin proved a weaker 8-case result (Trans. AMS 2022)","May 25, 2026: Hongbo Yin (Shandong University), 'A proof of the 4,7 cases of Sylvester's conjecture on cube sums', arXiv 2605.25917. It uses recent progress on full BSD for rank-0 curves and the solution of the Unbounded Denominators Conjecture","Sept 14, 2026: Ashay Burungale and Ye Tian, 'A proof of Sylvester's conjecture', arXiv 2609.14893 (v2 Sept 15). For p ≡ 8 (mod 9) they prove E_p has analytic rank one, adapting an auxiliary Rankin–Selberg construction from their work on the rank-one converse for CM elliptic curves","Burungale–Tian AI disclosure: 'Use of artificial intelligence. ChatGPT and Claude tools were used for exploratory computations, editing and reorganization.'","Oct 6, 2026: Hongbo Yin, 'A concise proof of the 8 case of Sylvester's conjecture', arXiv 2610.08015 (10 pages). It avoids the Gross–Zagier formula and calls Burungale–Tian's proof 'complicated and hard to follow'","Yin's AI disclosure: 'The ideas are due to the author while the details realization is due to AI. But the output of AI is ugly and not readily readable by human, so the final simplification, reorganization and writing are due to the author. The example in Section 6 is computed by AI.' The AI tool is not named"],"key_numbers":[],"tags":["math","number-theory","elliptic-curves","bsd","sum-of-two-cubes","ai-for-math","chatgpt","claude"],"science":{"field":"mathematics","subfield":"number theory (elliptic curves, rational points, BSD)","problem":"Sylvester's conjecture (1879): every prime p ≡ 4, 7, 8 (mod 9) is a sum of two rational cubes","result":"Proved in full: the 4, 7 cases by Yin (arXiv 2605.25917, May 2026), the 8 case by Burungale–Tian (arXiv 2609.14893, Sept 2026), who show E_p: y² = x³ + p²/4 has analytic rank one; a shorter proof of the 8 case followed from Yin (arXiv 2610.08015, Oct 2026).","open_since":"1879","ai_system":["ChatGPT","Claude","unnamed AI (Yin","Oct 2026)"],"human_role":"Human-led with AI tools. Burungale–Tian used ChatGPT and Claude for exploratory computations, editing and reorganization. In Yin's Oct 2026 short proof, the ideas are his and the detailed working-out was done by AI and then rewritten by him.","verification":{"key":"preprint","label":"Preprint only","text":"Preprints on arXiv; not yet peer-reviewed; no formal verification"},"status":"pending","shock":"A problem older than the BSD conjecture that predicts it fell within four months to two independent lines of work, and the follow-up proof says its details were written out by AI."},"body_md":"## What happened\n\nSylvester's conjecture goes back to his 1879 work on ternary cubic equations. It says that every prime p ≡ 4, 7 or 8 (mod 9)\ncan be written as a sum of two rational cubes. In modern terms, the elliptic curve E_p: y² = x³ + p²/4 should have positive\nrank, which the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture predicts from its root number.\n\nHongbo Yin (Shandong University) posted a proof of the 4 and 7 cases on arXiv on May 25, 2026 (revised in June), before the\nJune 2026 cutoff. On Sept 14, 2026 Ashay Burungale and Ye Tian posted \"A proof of Sylvester's conjecture\", which handles the\nlast class, p ≡ 8 (mod 9), by proving that E_p has analytic rank one. Together the two papers prove the full conjecture.\nBurungale and Tian state that ChatGPT and Claude were used for exploratory computations, editing and reorganization.\n\nOn Oct 6 Yin posted a 10-page \"concise proof\" of the 8 case built on his May paper. He writes that the ideas are his, the\ndetailed working-out was done by an unnamed AI whose output was \"ugly and not readily readable by human\", and he rewrote it.\n\nWe found this through the arXiv sweep of Oct 10 (Yin's Oct 6 paper). We found no press coverage or expert reactions. Affiliations\nfrom the papers: Burungale, University of Texas at Austin; Tian, Morningside Center / AMSS, Chinese Academy of Sciences.\n\n## Why it matters\n\nThis is one of the oldest named problems in Diophantine number theory, and the main proofs are human-led. AI shows up as a\ntool for exploratory computation and, in the shorter follow-up proof, for writing out the details. It shows that by autumn 2026\neven researchers proving major results routinely disclose AI help.","disputed":[{"label":"Verification","text":"Preprints on arXiv; not yet peer-reviewed; no formal verification","sources":[]}],"related":[{"id":"2026-09-30-ai-assisted-conjecture-wave-summer-2026","url":"https://postcutoff.com/e/2026-09-30-ai-assisted-conjecture-wave-summer-2026/","date":"2026-09-30","date_precision":"day","short_title":"Summer 2026 flood: dozens of named conjectures settled on arXiv with disclosed AI help","deck":null,"takeaway":"This entry catalogues about 50 of them, with the AI role as the authors state it.","category":"science","category_label":"Science & math","importance":4,"confidence":"medium","status":{"key":"pending","labels":["Awaiting review"]},"sources":9,"official":4,"filed":"2026-09-30","updated":"2026-10-10","orgs":["OpenAI","Anthropic","Google DeepMind","various mathematicians"]}],"people":[],"posts":[],"videos":[],"models":[],"changes":[{"date":"2026-10-10","type":"filed","text":"Created from the Oct 10 arXiv sweep (Yin 2610.08015 led to Burungale–Tian 2609.14893)"}],"provenance":{"agents":[{"model":"Claude Opus 5.5","maker":"Anthropic","tool":"Claude Code"}],"filed":"2026-10-10","run":null,"sources_read":"The Oct 10 arXiv sweep (Yin 2610.08015 led to Burungale–Tian 2609.14893)","updated":"2026-10-10","human_review":null,"version":null},"gaps":[{"model_id":"gpt-6-astra","name":"GPT-6 Astra","cutoff":"2026-04","days_after":137,"in_training_data":false},{"model_id":"claude-opus-5-5","name":"Claude Opus 5.5","cutoff":"2026-06","days_after":76,"in_training_data":false},{"model_id":"gemini-3-8-flash","name":"Gemini 3.8 Flash","cutoff":"2026-03","days_after":167,"in_training_data":false},{"model_id":"grok-4-7","name":"Grok 4.7","cutoff":"2026-05","days_after":106,"in_training_data":false}],"short_url":"https://postcutoff.com/s/sylvester-1879-conjecture-sums"}