Sam Rodriques launches the Millennium Problems for Biology ('the last reasonable eval for AI in biology')

Rodriques announces twelve biology problems chosen to be very hard to solve but easy to validate in a simple lab, inspired by AI's progress in mathematics, and calls them "in some sense, the 'last reasonable eval' for AI in biology".

In light of the progress in mathematics, we at Edison Scientific and FutureHouse have assembled a set of Millennium Problems for Biology. They are chosen to be very hard to solve but very easy to validate in a simple laboratory environment. Any of these, if solved, would mark a major advance in biotechnology, and most of them would contribute materially towards curing disease. These are, in some sense, the “last reasonable eval” for AI in biology. This was work primarily by @MichaelaThinks and myself, with contributions from many others.

Short descriptions below. The full descriptions of the problems with acceptance criteria are at the Bio Millennium Problems website, linked in the next post. Share more if you have ideas. If they meet our criteria, we’ll add them to our list (with attribution and permission).

Media: https://pbs.twimg.com/media/HSnVqPWb0AA2t5O.jpg?name=orig

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Archived 2026-10-03 via fxtwitter (unofficial).