AI in 2025
77 events, oldest first. Each links to a page with details and sources.
January 2025 5
- AI-designed proteins neutralise deadly snake-venom toxins and protect mice ★★★
Baker lab and DTU researchers (Nature, Jan 2025) used RFdiffusion to design small proteins that bind and neutralise cobra three-finger toxins. Depending on dose, toxin and design, 80–100% of mice survived otherwise lethal doses.
- Microsoft's MatterGen generates materials to order; flagship result later challenged as a known compound ★★★
MatterGen (Nature, Jan 2025) is a diffusion model that generates stable inorganic materials with target properties. In the flagship test, TaCr2O6 was generated for a 200 GPa bulk modulus and measured at 169 GPa after synthesis. A 2026 critique in Materials Horizons argues the synthesised…
- DeepSeek-R1: open-weights reasoning model rivals o1 and shakes markets ★★★★★
DeepSeek released R1 under the MIT license, a reasoning model matching OpenAI o1 on math and coding benchmarks, and showed with R1-Zero that reasoning can emerge from pure RL; on 27 January 2025 it topped the US App Store and NVIDIA lost ~$589B in market value in a single day.
- Stargate: $500 billion AI infrastructure venture announced ★★★★
OpenAI, SoftBank, Oracle and MGX announced the Stargate Project at the White House, pledging to invest $500B over four years in US AI infrastructure for OpenAI, with $100B deployed immediately.
- OpenAI launches Operator, a browser-using agent ★★★
OpenAI released Operator, a research-preview agent that uses its own browser to complete web tasks, powered by the Computer-Using Agent (CUA) model built on GPT-4o with RL; it was later merged into ChatGPT agent (July 2025).
February 2025 7
- Andrej Karpathy coins "vibe coding" ★★★
On Feb 2, 2025 Andrej Karpathy posted on X: 'There's a new kind of coding I call "vibe coding", where you fully give in to the vibes, embrace exponentials, and forget that the code even exists.' He described building projects by talking to Cursor Composer (with Claude Sonnet) and accepting changes…
- Sam Altman publishes "Three Observations" on the economics of AI ★★★
On Feb 9, 2025 Sam Altman published "Three Observations". He argues that (1) a model's intelligence roughly equals the log of the resources used to train and run it, (2) the cost of using a given level of AI falls about 10x every 12 months, and (3) the socioeconomic value of linearly increasing…
- Paris AI Action Summit; US and UK decline to sign declaration ★★★
The third global AI summit, held in Paris on 10–11 February 2025 and co-chaired by France and India, shifted emphasis from safety to innovation and investment; the US and UK did not sign its final declaration on inclusive and sustainable AI.
- Google's AI co-scientist independently reproduces an unpublished superbug discovery in 48 hours ★★★★
Google's Gemini 2.0–based multi-agent 'AI co-scientist' (announced 19 Feb 2025) generated hypotheses that were validated in the lab. It proposed AML drug-repurposing candidates, and liver-fibrosis drugs active in human organoids. Its top-ranked hypothesis for how cf-PICI genetic elements spread…
- Evo 2: a 40B-parameter genome language model trained on DNA from all domains of life ★★★
Arc Institute, Stanford and NVIDIA released Evo 2 (7B and 40B parameters) in Feb 2025, trained on genomes across bacteria, archaea and eukaryotes. It predicts variant effects and generates genome-scale sequences. Published in Nature on 4 Mar 2026, and used to design the first AI-generated viable…
- Claude 3.7 Sonnet (hybrid reasoning) and Claude Code preview ★★★★
Anthropic released Claude 3.7 Sonnet, the first hybrid reasoning model able to answer instantly or use visible extended thinking, together with a research preview of Claude Code, an agentic coding tool that runs in the terminal.
- AI weather forecasting goes operational: ECMWF's AIFS (Feb 2025), then NOAA's AI models (Dec 2025) ★★★★
On 25 Feb 2025 the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts made its machine-learned AIFS Single model operational alongside its physics model. It was up to 20% better on tropical-cyclone tracks and used about 1,000× less energy per forecast. The AIFS ensemble followed on 1 Jul 2025. On…
March 2025 2
- Sakana's AI Scientist-v2 writes the first fully AI-generated paper to pass peer review (ICLR 2025 workshop) ★★★★
On 12 Mar 2025 Sakana AI reported that a paper generated end-to-end by The AI Scientist-v2 (idea, code, experiments, analysis, writing) scored 6, 7, 6 at an ICLR 2025 workshop, above the acceptance threshold; it was withdrawn by prior agreement. The system and its limits were later published in…
- Gemini 2.5 Pro takes the top of the leaderboards ★★★★
Google released Gemini 2.5 Pro, a 'thinking' model that debuted at #1 on LMArena by a significant margin with a 1M-token context window, marking Google's arrival at the frontier.
April 2025 2
- AI Futures Project publishes "AI 2027", a month-by-month scenario of superhuman AI ★★★★
On April 3, 2025 Daniel Kokotajlo, Scott Alexander, Thomas Larsen, Eli Lifland and Romeo Dean (AI Futures Project) published "AI 2027". It is a detailed scenario in which a fictional lab, 'OpenBrain', automates AI research with successive agents (Agent-1 to Agent-4), reaching superhuman coders in…
- Meta releases Llama 4 Scout and Maverick ★★★
Meta released Llama 4 Scout and Maverick, its first natively multimodal mixture-of-experts open-weight models, with Scout offering a 10M-token context window; the launch was marred by controversy over an experimental version used on LMArena.
May 2025 7
- AlphaEvolve: Gemini-powered agent discovers new algorithms ★★★★
Google DeepMind's AlphaEvolve combined Gemini models with evolutionary search and automated evaluation to discover new algorithms, including a way to multiply 4×4 complex matrices with 48 scalar multiplications, improving on Strassen's 1969 algorithm.
- Microsoft unveils Discovery, an agentic R&D platform, and says it found a non-PFAS datacenter coolant in ~200 hours ★★
At Build 2025 (19 May 2025) Microsoft announced Microsoft Discovery, an enterprise agentic AI platform for scientific R&D on Azure. As a showcase, Microsoft said its researchers used the platform's models and HPC simulation to find a novel non-PFAS immersion coolant prototype in about 200 hours…
- Google's Veo 3 generates video with native audio ★★★★
Announced at Google I/O 2025, Veo 3 generated video with synchronized sound effects, ambient noise and dialogue from text prompts, producing clips that went viral for their realism.
- FutureHouse's Robin multi-agent system proposes ripasudil as a new treatment candidate for dry AMD ★★★
FutureHouse's Robin generated the hypotheses, analyses and figures that identified ripasudil, a glaucoma drug, as a candidate for dry age-related macular degeneration. Ripasudil increased phagocytosis in retinal pigment epithelium cells and upregulated ABCA1 about 3×. Humans ran the bench work…
- Microsoft's Aurora foundation model beats operational forecasts for air quality, waves, cyclones and weather ★★★
Aurora (Nature, May 2025) is an Earth-system foundation model pre-trained on over a million hours of geophysical data. After fine-tuning it beat operational systems at air-quality, ocean-wave, tropical-cyclone-track and high-resolution weather forecasting, at far lower computational cost.
- Anthropic releases Claude Opus 4 and Sonnet 4; Claude Code goes GA ★★★★★
Claude Opus 4 and Sonnet 4 led coding benchmarks and could work autonomously for hours; Opus 4 was the first model Anthropic deployed under its stricter ASL-3 safety standard, and Claude Code became generally available.
- Intology's 'Zochi' AI system gets a paper into the ACL 2025 main conference ★★★
In May 2025 Intology said its autonomous research agent Zochi produced 'Tempest', a paper on multi-turn LLM jailbreaking via tree search, that was accepted to the main conference of ACL 2025 (acceptance rate ~20%) — claimed as the first AI-generated paper to pass peer review at an A* main venue.
June 2025 3
- Sam Altman publishes "The Gentle Singularity": 'We are past the event horizon; the takeoff has started' ★★★★
On June 10, 2025 Sam Altman published "The Gentle Singularity", opening with 'We are past the event horizon; the takeoff has started. Humanity is close to building digital superintelligence.' He predicted that 2026 would 'likely see the arrival of systems that can figure out novel insights' and…
- RoboArena: crowd-sourced, double-blind real-world evaluation of generalist robot policies ★★
RoboArena (arXiv 2506.18123, 2025-06-22) ranks generalist robot policies through double-blind pairwise comparisons run by a distributed network of evaluators on the DROID platform, who pick their own tasks and scenes. The first round covered 600+ real-robot episodes over 7 policies at 7 academic…
- AlphaGenome predicts how DNA variants affect thousands of gene-regulation signals from 1 Mb of sequence ★★★
DeepMind's AlphaGenome reads up to 1 million DNA bases and predicts 5,930 human (1,128 mouse) genomic signals, including expression, chromatin accessibility and splicing, at base-pair resolution. It covers the 98% of the genome that does not code for proteins. Published in Nature on 28 Jan 2026.
July 2025 7
- Moonshot AI releases Kimi K2, a 1-trillion-parameter open-weights agentic model ★★★
Beijing-based Moonshot AI open-sourced Kimi K2, a 1T-parameter mixture-of-experts model (32B active) optimized for agentic tasks and coding, among the strongest open-weight non-reasoning models at release.
- Meta acquires voice-AI startup PlayAI (PlayHT); the product is later shut down ★★
In July 2025 Meta confirmed it had acquired PlayAI (maker of the PlayHT text-to-speech and voice-cloning platform), bringing its whole team into Meta to work on AI Characters, Meta AI, wearables and audio content. It was one of Meta's 2025 talent deals. The PlayHT product was later wound down…
- AI systems reach gold-medal level at the International Mathematical Olympiad ★★★★★
At IMO 2025, an advanced Gemini Deep Think model (officially graded) and an experimental OpenAI reasoning model (graded by former medalists) each solved 5 of 6 problems for 35/42 points — gold-medal standard — working end-to-end in natural language within the 4.5-hour time limits.
- White House releases 'America's AI Action Plan' ★★★★
The Trump administration published America's AI Action Plan with over 90 federal policy actions organized around accelerating innovation, building AI infrastructure and leading in international AI diplomacy, alongside executive orders on data centers, AI exports and 'woke AI'.
- ByteDance Seed LiveInterpret 2.0: end-to-end Chinese-English simultaneous interpretation in your own voice, ~3 s behind ★★★
On 2025-07-24 ByteDance's Seed team released Seed LiveInterpret 2.0, an end-to-end speech-to-speech simultaneous interpretation model for Chinese<->English that speaks the translation in the speaker's cloned voice about 2.5-3 s behind. In ByteDance's human evaluations it came close to professional…
- Stanford's 'Virtual Lab' of AI agents designs SARS-CoV-2 nanobodies validated in the lab ★★★
James Zou's group (Nature, 2025) had an LLM 'principal investigator' agent run a team of AI scientist agents. The team built a pipeline combining ESM, AlphaFold-Multimer and Rosetta and designed 92 nanobodies. Two showed improved binding to recent SARS-CoV-2 variants (JN.1 or KP.3) while keeping…
- Interpretable neural network discovers new non-reciprocal force laws in dusty plasma ★★★
Emory physicists (PNAS, July 2025) trained a physics-structured neural network on 3D particle trajectories from dusty-plasma experiments. It learned the non-reciprocal forces between particles with over 99% accuracy and overturned standard assumptions: particle charge is not simply proportional to…
August 2025 7
- Google DeepMind's Genie 3 generates interactive worlds in real time ★★★★
Genie 3 is a general-purpose world model that generates navigable, interactive 3D environments from text prompts in real time at 720p and 24 fps, staying consistent for a few minutes.
- OpenAI releases gpt-oss, its first open-weight LLMs since GPT-2 ★★★
OpenAI released gpt-oss-120b and gpt-oss-20b, open-weight reasoning models under Apache 2.0; the larger one approached o4-mini on core reasoning benchmarks and ran on a single 80GB GPU.
- OpenAI launches GPT-5 ★★★★★
GPT-5 unified OpenAI's fast and reasoning models into one system with a real-time router, becoming the default ChatGPT model for all users with state-of-the-art results in coding, math and health, and reduced hallucinations.
- Meta acquires WaveForms AI, the voice startup of ex-OpenAI GPT-4o voice lead Alexis Conneau ★★
On 2025-08-08 Meta acquired WaveForms AI, a speech startup founded in 2024 by Alexis Conneau (who worked on GPT-4o's Advanced Voice Mode at OpenAI) and Coralie Lemaitre. WaveForms had raised $40M at a $200M valuation to pursue a "Speech Turing Test" and "emotional general intelligence". The…
- Generative AI designs new antibiotics that kill drug-resistant gonorrhoea and MRSA ★★★★
MIT's Collins lab (Cell, Aug 2025) used generative models to design more than 36 million candidate compounds from scratch. Lead NG1 kills multidrug-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae and DN1 kills MRSA, clearing skin infections in mice. Both act on bacterial membranes by novel mechanisms and are…
- GPT-5 Pro proves an improved convex-optimisation bound, which humans had already surpassed ★★
OpenAI's Sébastien Bubeck reported that GPT-5 Pro, in about 17 minutes, proved that gradient descent on L-smooth convex functions yields a convex sequence of function values for step sizes up to 1.5/L. The paper's v1 had proved it for 1/L. However, the authors' own v2 had already proved the tight…
- Google releases Gemini 2.5 Flash Image ('Nano Banana') ★★★
Google launched Gemini 2.5 Flash Image, nicknamed 'Nano Banana', an image generation and editing model notable for character consistency and conversational multi-turn editing, which drove a surge of Gemini app adoption.
September 2025 12
- DeepMind's Deep Loop Shaping cuts LIGO control noise 30–100× ★★★
In Science (Sept 2025), DeepMind, LIGO/Caltech and GSSI reported an RL control method trained with frequency-domain rewards. Tested on hardware at LIGO Livingston, it reduced control noise in the 10–30 Hz band by more than 30×, and up to 100× in sub-bands, beating the design goal.
- Math Inc's Gauss agent completes the Strong Prime Number Theorem formalisation in Lean in three weeks ★★★★
Math Inc (Christian Szegedy) announced that its autoformalization agent Gauss completed Terence Tao and Alex Kontorovich's Strong Prime Number Theorem project in Lean in about 3 weeks, producing ~25,000 lines of Lean and over 1,000 theorems and definitions. Human experts had worked on the project…
- First AI-generated complete genomes: Evo models design viable bacteriophages that kill resistant E. coli ★★★★★
Brian Hie's lab used the Evo 1 and Evo 2 genome language models to generate whole ΦX174-like bacteriophage genomes. Of ~285–300 synthesised designs, 16 were viable. Some rapidly overcame ΦX174-resistant E. coli, and one used an evolutionarily distant DNA-packaging protein. Preprint 12 Sep 2025…
- AI reaches gold-medal level at the ICPC World Finals ★★★★
At the 2025 ICPC World Finals in Baku, OpenAI's reasoning system solved all 12 problems and Google's Gemini 2.5 Deep Think solved 10 of 12, both at gold-medal level, under the same time limits as human teams.
- DeepMind and mathematicians use neural networks to find new unstable singularities in fluid equations ★★★
A DeepMind-led team (with Tristan Buckmaster and Javier Gómez-Serrano) used physics-informed neural networks and high-precision optimisation to find new families of unstable self-similar blow-up solutions for the incompressible porous media and Boussinesq equations (3D Euler with boundary)…
- NVIDIA and OpenAI announce 10-gigawatt partnership with up to $100B investment ★★★★
NVIDIA and OpenAI signed a letter of intent to deploy at least 10 gigawatts of NVIDIA systems for OpenAI, with NVIDIA intending to invest up to $100 billion progressively as each gigawatt is deployed.
- AlphaEvolve finds gadgets that prove new NP-hardness of approximation bounds for MAX-k-CUT ★★
Google researchers used AlphaEvolve to discover gadget reductions proving it is NP-hard to approximate MAX-4-CUT within 0.987 and MAX-3-CUT within 0.9649. They also built near-extremal Ramanujan graphs of up to 163 nodes for average-case hardness results; checking the gadgets was sped up ~10,000×.
- Scott Aaronson credits GPT-5 with a key step in a quantum complexity proof ★★★
In 'Limits to black-box amplification in QMA' (Aaronson and Witteveen, arXiv 2509.21131), GPT-5-Thinking suggested the key function Tr[(I−E(θ))^−1] used in the proof. Aaronson called it the first paper of his where a key technical step came from AI.
- Anthropic releases Claude Sonnet 4.5 ★★★★
Claude Sonnet 4.5 became the state-of-the-art model on SWE-bench Verified and OSWorld, able to maintain focus on complex tasks for over 30 hours; Anthropic also launched the Claude Agent SDK and Claude Code 2.0. Claude Haiku 4.5 followed on 15 October 2025.
- California enacts SB 53, the first US frontier AI transparency law ★★★
Governor Gavin Newsom signed SB 53, the Transparency in Frontier Artificial Intelligence Act, requiring large frontier AI developers to publish safety frameworks, report critical safety incidents, and protect whistleblowers.
- OpenAI launches Sora 2 and the Sora social app ★★★★
OpenAI released Sora 2, a video-and-audio generation model with improved physical realism and synchronized dialogue, alongside an invite-only iOS social app featuring 'cameos' of users' own likeness; the app quickly reached #1 on the US App Store.
- Periodic Labs launches with a $300M seed round to build AI scientists with autonomous labs ★★★
Periodic Labs came out of stealth on 30 Sept 2025 with a $300M seed round led by Andreessen Horowitz, one of the largest seed rounds ever. It was founded by Liam Fedus (ex-OpenAI VP of research, ChatGPT co-creator) and Ekin Doğuş Çubuk (who led Google's GNoME materials work). It pairs LLM-based AI…
October 2025 8
- Google's C2S-Scale 27B model generates a new cancer-immunotherapy hypothesis confirmed in living cells ★★★
C2S-Scale 27B, a Gemma-based single-cell model, simulated over 4,000 drugs in two immune contexts. It predicted that the CK2 inhibitor silmitasertib boosts tumour antigen presentation only with low-dose interferon present. In living cells the combination raised MHC-I antigen presentation by ~50%…
- Google DeepMind partners with Commonwealth Fusion Systems to optimise and control the SPARC tokamak with AI ★★★
DeepMind announced a research partnership with Commonwealth Fusion Systems (CFS) for CFS's SPARC tokamak, which aims to be the first magnetic-confinement device to produce net fusion energy. The work uses DeepMind's open-source JAX plasma simulator TORAX, RL and evolutionary search to find…
- OpenAI researchers claim GPT-5 'solved' 10 Erdős problems; the solutions were already in the literature ★★★
In mid-October 2025 OpenAI's Kevin Weil tweeted that GPT-5 'found solutions to 10 (!) previously unsolved Erdős problems'. Thomas Bloom, who runs erdosproblems.com, called this 'a dramatic misrepresentation': GPT-5 had found existing papers solving problems listed as open only because he did not…
- Agents4Science 2025: first conference where AI must be first author and reviewer ★★★
Agents4Science 2025 (22 Oct 2025, virtual) required AI systems as first authors and used GPT-5, Gemini 2.5 and Claude Sonnet 4 as reviewers: 315 submissions, 253 reviewed, 48 accepted, making AI-authored science an explicit experiment.
- Genentech's GNEprop screens 1.4 billion virtual compounds and finds 82 new antibacterial hits ★★
In Nature Biotechnology (24 Oct 2025), Genentech researchers with NVIDIA and Mila described GNEprop, a graph neural network trained on a ~2-million-compound phenotypic screen against sensitized E. coli. Used to screen more than 1.4 billion synthetically accessible molecules virtually, it found 82…
- xAI launches Grokipedia, an AI-written encyclopedia meant to rival Wikipedia ★★★
On 2025-10-27 xAI launched Grokipedia v0.1, an online encyclopedia of about 885,000 articles generated by Grok and not editable by the public. Elon Musk pitched it as a less biased alternative to Wikipedia. Critics found many articles copied from Wikipedia and others pushing misinformation and…
- OpenAI completes restructuring into a public benefit corporation ★★★
OpenAI completed its recapitalization: the non-profit, renamed the OpenAI Foundation, controls the for-profit OpenAI Group PBC, and a new definitive agreement gave Microsoft roughly a 27% stake.
- Universal Music settles with Udio and licenses a new AI music platform ★★★★
UMG settled its copyright suit against AI song generator Udio and signed recorded-music and publishing licenses for a new subscription platform trained on licensed music, the first such deal between a major label and a generative AI music service; Warner followed on 2025-11-19, and Udio's existing…
November 2025 10
- Baker lab designs antibodies from scratch with atomic accuracy using RFdiffusion ★★★
In Nature (Nov 2025) the Baker lab reported de novo design of VHH nanobodies, scFvs and full antibodies against chosen epitopes. Cryo-EM confirmed atomically accurate binding poses and CDR loops for influenza haemagglutinin and C. difficile toxin B. Chai Discovery's Chai-2 separately reported ~16%…
- Tao, Gómez-Serrano, Georgiev and Wagner test AlphaEvolve on 67 maths problems ★★★
In 'Mathematical exploration and discovery at scale' (arXiv 2511.02864), Bogdan Georgiev, Javier Gómez-Serrano, Terence Tao and Adam Zsolt Wagner ran AlphaEvolve on 67 problems in analysis, combinatorics, geometry and number theory. It rediscovered the best known constructions in most cases and…
- Edison Scientific's Kosmos AI scientist claims six months of research per run ★★★
In early November 2025 FutureHouse spin-out Edison Scientific launched Kosmos, an autonomous AI scientist that reads ~1,500 papers and runs ~42,000 lines of analysis code per 12-hour run; beta users estimated one run equals ~6 months of their work, and 79.4% of its statements were judged accurate…
- Munich court rules ChatGPT's memorised song lyrics infringe copyright (GEMA v OpenAI) ★★★
Munich Regional Court I (case 42 O 14139/24) held that OpenAI infringed copyright because GPT models memorised and reproduced the lyrics of nine German songs: memorisation in model weights counts as reproduction and falls outside the EU text-and-data-mining exception. It was the first major…
- Physical Intelligence's π*0.6 learns from real-world experience with RL (Recap), running tasks for hours ★★★
On 2025-11-17 Physical Intelligence released π*0.6, a version of its π0.6 VLA improved with Recap (RL with Experience & Corrections via Advantage-conditioned Policies): demonstrations, then human corrections, then RL on the robot's own autonomous trials. Recap more than doubled throughput and…
- Google launches Gemini 3 ★★★★★
Google released Gemini 3 Pro, which topped LMArena with a 1501 Elo and led many reasoning and multimodal benchmarks, shipping on day one across Search, the Gemini app and a new agentic IDE, Google Antigravity.
- OpenAI publishes 'Early science acceleration experiments with GPT-5', including four new math results ★★★
On 20 Nov 2025 OpenAI and academic co-authors, including Timothy Gowers, released case studies of GPT-5 contributing to research in maths, physics, astronomy, computer science, biology and materials science. The paper includes four new mathematical results checked by the human authors. It frames…
- Anthropic releases Claude Opus 4.5 ★★★★
Claude Opus 4.5 set a new state of the art on SWE-bench Verified (80.9%) at a much lower price than prior Opus models, and Anthropic reported it scored higher than any human candidate ever on its take-home performance-engineering exam.
- DeepSeekMath-V2: open-weights self-verifying prover reaches IMO 2025 gold level and 118/120 on Putnam 2024 ★★★★
DeepSeek released DeepSeekMath-V2 (685B parameters, built on DeepSeek-V3.2-Exp-Base, Apache 2.0). It is trained to write natural-language proofs and check them with an LLM verifier, including a meta-verifier. With scaled test-time compute it reached gold-medal level on IMO 2025 and CMO 2024 and…
- ICLR 2026 review crisis: 21% of peer reviews flagged fully AI-written, and an OpenReview bug exposes reviewer identities ★★★
In late November 2025 Pangram Labs screened all ~19,490 submissions and ~75,800 reviews for ICLR 2026. It found 21% of the reviews were fully AI-generated and more than half showed some AI use, as Nature reported. On 27 Nov 2025 an OpenReview API bug exposed the author, reviewer and area-chair…
December 2025 7
- AI searches 100 million Hubble images in 2.5 days, finding ~1,400 anomalies including 800+ never described ★★
ESA researchers (Astronomy & Astrophysics, Dec 2025) used AnomalyMatch to scan 99.6 million Hubble Legacy Archive cutouts in about 2.5 days. They found ~1,400 anomalous objects, over 800 previously undescribed, including 86 new candidate gravitational lenses, jellyfish and ring galaxies, and…
- Physics Letters B paper built on a GPT-5 idea draws criticism that it tests the wrong thing ★★
Physicist Steve Hsu published a Physics Letters B paper whose main idea, applying the Tomonaga–Schwinger formalism to test state-dependent (nonlinear) quantum mechanics, came from GPT-5. He called it the 'first research article in theoretical physics in which the main idea came from an AI'…
- AxiomProver produces machine-checked Lean proofs for all 12 Putnam 2025 problems ★★★
Axiom Math's autonomous Lean 4 prover solved 8 of 12 problems of the 6 Dec 2025 Putnam competition within exam time and the remaining 4 in the following days, all as machine-checked Lean proofs published on GitHub.
- Arc Institute announces first Virtual Cell Challenge winners; a 2026 zero-shot round follows ★★
Arc Institute's first Virtual Cell Challenge asked teams to predict single-cell transcriptomic responses to CRISPRi gene knockdowns. On 6 Dec 2025 Arc named BioMap's xTrimoSCPerturb the winner out of 1,200+ teams from 114 countries. Organisers admitted metric problems: almost every model did worse…
- Genuine AI-assisted solutions to Erdős problems begin: #124 (Aristotle), #1026 (48-hour human–AI collaboration) ★★★★
In Nov–Dec 2025 AI tools produced the first genuinely new (if modest) solutions to Erdős problems. Harmonic's Aristotle proved a version of #124 in Lean autonomously (29 Nov). Erdős #1026 (posed 1975) was fully solved within ~48 hours by humans combining Aristotle, AlphaEvolve, GPT and…
- MCP donated to the Linux Foundation's new Agentic AI Foundation ★★★
Anthropic donated the Model Context Protocol to the Agentic AI Foundation (AAIF), a Linux Foundation directed fund co-founded by Anthropic, Block and OpenAI, with founding projects MCP, Block's goose and OpenAI's AGENTS.md.
- OpenAI releases GPT-5.2 ★★★
OpenAI released GPT-5.2 in Instant, Thinking and Pro variants, about three weeks after Gemini 3, reportedly accelerated by an internal 'code red'; it targeted professional knowledge work such as spreadsheets, presentations and long-running multi-step tasks.